Holocene resource exploitation along the Nile: diet and subsistence strategies of Mesolithic and Neolithic societies at Khor Shambat 1, Sudan

The subsistence practices of Holocene communities living in the Nile Valley Central Sudan are comparatively little known. Recent excavations at Khor Shambat, Sudan, have yielded well-defined Mesolithic and Neolithic stratigraphy. Here, for first time, archaeozoological, palaeobotanical, phytolith dental calculus studies combined with lipid residue analysis around 100 pottery fragments comparative faunal remains organic residues. This holistic approach provides valuable information on changes adaptation strategies, from hunter-gatherers to herders exploiting domesticates. A unique picture is revealed natural environment human subsistence, demonstrating potential wider value combining multiple methods.